CORRELATION OF LEVELS OF CA19-9, CA15-3, CA12-5 WITH THE SEVERITY AND OUTCOMES OF IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA (IIP)

Xiaobin Ji, Li Han, Hao Chen, Xiaoning Li, Jing Wang, Jianfeng Mao, Zeming Zhang^*

Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China

Objective: To investigate the correlation of levels of carbohydrate antigens 19-9 (CA19-9), 15-3 (CA15-3), and 12-5 (CA12-5) with the disease severity and outcomes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) patients.

Methods: We selected as the observation group a total of 98 patients with IIP admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. In the same period, healthy people selected for examination in our hospital’s examination center were selected as the control group. The observation group was divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to the severity of the patient’s condition and divided into a survival group and a death group according to their prognosis. We collected 4ml of fasting venous blood from all subjects in the morning, and the levels of serum CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 were detected by immunoradiometric assay. For each group of subjects, we recorded and compared the forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1%), the ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), and the percentage of the lung carbon monoxide diffusion as a percentage of the predicted value (DLCO%). The Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Test was used to analyze the correlation between levels of CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5, and the values for FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, and DLCO%. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of IIP patients. The relationship between the levels of CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 in IIP patients and the severity and outcome of the disease were analyzed.

Results: The serum CA19-9, CA15-3, CA12-5 levels were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group. The serum CA19-9, CA15-3, CA12-5 levels in the moderate and severe groups were significantly higher than those in the mild and severe groups. The serum CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 levels were significantly higher than those in the syndrome group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.05). The levels of FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, and DLCO% in the moderate and severe groups were significantly lower than those in the mild group, and the levels of serum FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, and DLCO% in the severe group were significantly lower than those in the moderate group, the difference was statistically significant (P<.05). Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation analysis indicates that CA19-9 was negatively correlated with FEV1%, FVC%, and DLCO% (r=- 0.586, r=- 0.579, and r=- 0.561, respectively, and P<.05 or P<.01 for all). CA15-3 was negatively correlated with FEV1%, FVC%, and DLCO% (r=- 0.469, r=- 0.521, and r=- 0.584, respectively, and P<.05 or P<.01 for all). CA12-5 was negatively correlated with FEV1%, FVC%, and DLCO% (r=- 0.502, r=- 0.506, and r=- 0.618, respectively, and P < .05 or P < .01 for all). The levels of serum CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 were all factors affecting the prognosis of IIP patients (P<. 05 or P<.01).

Conclusions: The serum CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 levels in IIP patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. These levels were negatively correlated with changes in lung function and were influencing factors in the prognosis of IIP patients. The changes in CA19-9, CA15-3, and CA12-5 levels can reflect the disease severity and prognosis of IIP patients.