CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECT OF ANTERIOR TOOTH EXTRACTION PRESERVATION ON PATIENTS’ ALVEOLAR RIDGE SOFT AND HARD TISSUES

Kai Zhang^# , Jiamei Peng^#, Qianglin Jiang, Zheng Cheng, Jiangfeng Tao^*

Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, PR China

Objective: The effect of site preservation on the amount of alveolar ridge bone and soft tissues of patients at 6 months after anterior tooth extraction was evaluated simultaneously using cone-beam computed to-mography and indirect computing model, and the clinical value of anterior tooth extraction site preservation for alleviating alveolar ridge absorption was assessed. 

Methods: A total of 58 patients (64 teeth) with indications for anterior tooth extraction admitted to the Department of Stomatology in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were included as the subjects of study to perform retrospective analysis. 30 patients were randomly selected for extraction site preservation as the experimental group. 28 patients were selected for conventional tooth extraction as the control group. For 58 patients before and after took extraction, plaster models were made, and cone-beam computed tomography was performed immediately after the operation and 6 months after the operation. The height of labial and palatal alveolar ridges was measured. The width of the alveolar ridge at different root lengths was measured at the points of 20%, 50%, 70% of the root length, as well as the highest point of the mesial gingival papilla, the distal gingival papilla and the upper jaw gingival margin or the height of the alveolar ridge soft tissue at the lowest point of the mandibular gingival margin. The differences in various measurement indicators at the same time point and different time points were compared between groups.

Results: The difference in age and gender between the experimental group and the control group (P<0.05) was not significant; the differences in the height of labial and palatal alveolar ridges measured immediately after the operation, and the width of alveolar ridge at different root lengths between the two groups were not significant (P<0.05), but at 6 months after the operation, there was a significant difference in the above measurement indicators between the two groups. It was mainly reflected that the height of labial and palatal alveolar ridges, the width of alveolar ridge at 20% and 70% of root length of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P>0.05); at the same time, 6 months after the operation, the height of the inner labial and palatal alveolar ridge, the width of alveolar ridge at 20% and 70% of root length of the experimental group were significantly less reduced than those of the control group (P>0.05). It was found from the measurement of the plaster model that the differences between the experimental group and the control group in the mesial gingival papilla, the distal gingival papilla and the highest point of the upper gingival margin or the lowest point of the mandibular gingival margin before the operation (P<0.05) were not significant. At 6 months after operation, the height of the alveolar ridge soft tissue at the highest point of the maxillary gingival margin or the lowest point of the mandibular gingival margin in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P>0.05). In addition, at 6 months after operation, the height of the alveolar ridge soft tissue at the highest point of the upper gingival margin or the lowest point of the lower gingival margin was significantly less changed than that of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Anterior tooth extraction preservation can effectively maintain the height and width of patients’ alveolar ridge, as well as the soft and hard tissues. It can be widespread promoted and applied clinically.