CLINICAL, CYTOGENETIC AND SURVIVAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH POLYCYTHAEMIA

Yujiao Zhang¹, Acton¹, Steven¹, Shad¹, Jian Liu¹, Beili Chen^{2, *}

¹Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China - ²Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China

Objective: To analyse the clinical characteristics, cytogenetic characteristics and survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and primordial cell increase.

Methods: From January 2016 to January 2018, 120 patients with MDS and protocytosis were included in this study. At the same time, 100 patients with MDS and without primordial cell increase were selected for comparison. Patient data were collected for cytogenetic analysis, and the survival rate, median survival time and median progression time were recorded.

Results: The characteristics of clinical information were as follows: 89 male patients and 31 female patients, with an average age of (70.03±9.17) years. A total of 78 patients (65%) had combined diseases, while 62 patients (51.67%) had a smoking and drinking history. The main symptoms included dizziness and fatigue with 69 cases (57.5%), while 42.5% exhibited other symptoms. A total of 57 patients (47.5%) had a decrease in the third system, while 40 patients (33.33%) had a decrease in the second system and 23 patients (19.17%) had a simple decrease in the red system. The median of neutrophils, haemoglobin and platelets were 2.08 (0.00-77.63) × 109/L, 70 (10-158) g/L and 56 (9-1494) × 109/L, respectively. The chromosomal abnormalities observed in this study included number abnormality, structure abnormality and number structure abnormality. The proportion of cytogenetic abnormality in MDS patients with increased primordial cells was higher than that in non-MDS patients with increased primordial cells (P < 0.05). The high incidence of abnormal karyotypes were +8, 7q-, and -7 at 16.90, 14.08 and 14.08%, respectively. The median follow-up time was 18 months (3–24 months). The survival rate, median survival time and median progression-free time of MDS patients were lower than those of non-MDS patients (P<0.05). However, there was no difference between MDS with protocytosis type 1 and MDS with protocytosis type 2 (P>0.05).

Conclusion: MDS patients with protocytosis possess distinct clinical and cytogenetic characteristics. Their prognosis is relatively poor and their survival situation is not optimistic.