THE EVALUATION OF NOSOCOMIAL URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESI- STANCE IN ICU PATIENTS, TEHRAN, IRAN, 2012-2016

MARYAM AMINI^*1, MOHAMMAD VASEIE², IMAN ANSARI³

¹Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran ^{- 2}Emergency medicine resident, Medical faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran - ³Medical Student, Medical faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

Background and objectives: Given the importance of nosocomial infections, especially urinary tract infections, on mortality, morbidity and disability of patients and unfortunately increasing antibiotic resistance that makes up the most important part of treatment of the affected patients, the present study evaluated the pattern of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of bacterial pathogen of nosocomial urinary infections in the intensive care unit of Mostafa Khomeini hospital during the 2012 to 2016.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit with positive urine cultures. Information on age, sex, length of hospital stay, underlying diseases, cause of hospitalization and duration of urinary catheter use were recorded for each patient in a check list. After identifying the nature of the bacteria, antibiogram was performed by disk diffusion method and the results were compared with standard tables to record the results as sensitive, moderately sensitive and resistant.

Results: Gram-negative bacilli are responsible for urinary tract infections, including strains of E. coli, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiellaspp and Proteus spp., with a frequency of 77.3% and gram positive cocci, including Enterococcus and Staphylococcusspecies with a frequency of 22.7%. The least antibiotic-resistant against gram-positive pathogens was related to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime and against gram-negative bacilli was related to nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the resistance antibiotic pattern changes over time; thus, performing urine culture and antibiogram test is essential before beginning treatment and choosing the appropriate antibiotic, in order to pre- vent antibiotic resistance.